Axonal Sprouting in Neural Repair and Plasticity: Mechanisms and Implications

Abstract

Axonal sprouting, a fundamental process in neural repair, regeneration, and plasticity, is explored in this review. Tracing its historical roots from Malacarne to contemporary researchers like He and Sofroniew, the review delves into the mechanisms involving growth factors, signaling pathways, and cell-to-cell interactions. Distinct characteristics of axonal sprouting in the central and peripheral nervous systems are discussed, emphasizing the clinical implications and potential therapeutic strategies, including genetic engineering, cell therapy, physical stimulation, and pharmacological intervention. The review underscores the intricate relationship between axonal sprouting and neural plasticity, highlighting experimental models and ethical considerations. Despite progress, challenges persist, necessitating further research to unlock the full potential of axonal sprouting in neuroscience and clinical applications.