Herbs in the Time of Crisis: A Comprehensive Review on COVID-19 and Herbal Therapies

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited a global quest for alternative therapeutic strategies, with herbal remedies emerging as compelling candidates. This review explores the potential roles and efficacy of herbal therapies in the context of COVID-19, synthesizing existing research and traditional knowledge to provide a thorough examination of their impact on viral infections, immune modulation, and overall health.  Herbal Agents and Antiviral Properties: Examining antiviral herbs like Echinacea, Elderberry, Astragalus, Garlic, Andrographis, Licorice, Olive Leaf, and Cat's Claw reveals potential in combating viral infections. Caution is stressed, considering individual differences and potential interactions with standard treatments. Herbal Compounds and Viral Replication: The review delves into intricate interactions of herbal compounds with viral replication, emphasizing the necessity for rigorous research, including clinical trials, to establish efficacy, safety, and optimal dosages. Explored mechanisms comprise direct antiviral activity, immune modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, interference with cellular signaling pathways, viral protease inhibition, and RNA/DNA polymerase inhibition. Immunomodulatory Effects of Herbal Therapies: The review highlights herbs' bioactive compounds, exploring immune modulation, antioxidant-rich properties, anti-inflammatory effects, support for mucous membranes and skin integrity, direct antiviral and antimicrobial properties, gut health support, respiratory benefits, and adaptogenic properties. Clinical Implications: Herbs for COVID-19 Respiratory Symptoms: Evaluating studies, the review suggests potential benefits of herbal medicine alongside conventional treatment for COVID-19 prevention and respiratory relief. However, conclusive evidence is lacking, necessitating more rigorous trials.