Evaluation of the optical behavior of dental zirconia produced by CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22034/JATE.2026.163Abstract
Zirconia is widely used in dentistry due to its exceptional aesthetic qualities, high mechanical performance and biological stability. Ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) has received significant attention recently due to its potential to create advanced configurations and structures suitable for certain medical applications, particularly customized devices. Because of its efficiency and freedom, AM zirconia opens up countless possibilities that would be almost impossible with traditional methods. The review examined the accuracy, biocompatibility, physical and adhesive properties, and clinical applications of AM zirconia. Here we highlight the optical behavior characteristics of 3D printed zirconia.This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published between 2015 and 2024 using the keywords 'zirconia', '3D printing', 'CAD/CAM milling', and 'optical behavior'. Articles focusing on translucency, gloss, scattering, and reflectance of dental zirconia were included. In summary, this review provides a new and essential general basis for the application of 3D printed zirconia in dentistry as well as a descriptive account of the basic optical behavior properties of AM zirconia materials for oral medicine.
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